Review
21 June 2021 / 17 April 2024 by almaware
T helper 17 (Th17) are a CD4+ T subpopulation cells which are involved in the host protection against microbes such as extracellular and intracellular bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Monogenic defects including those mutations in some genes such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and 3, dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8), autoimmune regulator […]
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18 February 2021 / 17 April 2024 by almaware
Urticaria is a condition involving both skin and mucosal tissues characterizedby the presence of wheals and/or angioedema. The acute form hasbeen related to allergic reactions to drugs or foods, interaction with chemicals, or infections. We reviewed the association of urticaria with coronavirusinfections.This review was carried out by the use of two searchengines for published original […]
18 December 2020 / 23 May 2024 by almaware
Anaphylaxis is the most severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction, and it can be life-threatening or even fatal. It involves the activation of multiple immune and non immune pathways beyond IgE, thus exhibiting different phenotypes. New symptoms of hypersensitivity caused by chemotherapy drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and biological agents have been suggested to be recognized as anaphylaxis phenotypes. No biomarker has been […]
30 October 2020 / 17 April 2024 by almaware
Specific immunotherapy is the only treatment acting on the causes and not only on symptoms of respiratory allergy. It was first introduced as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with the aim to induce immunological tolerance to the administered allergen(s). In the 1980s, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was developed, mainly to improve the safety, which was a critical issue […]
7 September 2020 / 23 May 2024 by almaware
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is aimed at inducing tolerance to allergens, such as pollens, dust mites or moulds, by administering increasing amounts of the causative allergen through subcutaneous or sublingual route. The evidence of efficacy of AIT is high, but the issue of safety, especially for the subcutaneous route, must be taken into account. The search […]
1 July 2020 / 14 July 2025 by almaware
In the last years, disease classification of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) has been vivaciously discussed and new concepts have been introduced, namely asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). Controversially the GOLD consensus document of 2020 considered that we should no longer refer to ACO, as they constitute two different diseases that may share some […]
4 May 2020 / 15 July 2025 by almaware
A systematic review of the current literature on retreatment with omalizumab of patients with relapsing chronic spontaneous urticaria was performed. Published evidence shows that retreatment is safe and clinically effective, and that time to complete clinical response reduces as the number of retreatments increases.
2 March 2020 / 14 July 2025 by almaware
Tryptase is a serin-protease produced and released by mast cells after IgE-mediated or non-IgE mediated stimuli. We here review the various aspects related to the molecular characteristics of the enzyme and its biological effects, the genetic basis of its production and the release kinetics. Recommendations for the clinical use of tryptase measurement developed by a […]
13 January 2020 / 14 July 2025 by almaware
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) affects both children and adults and is a serious health concern in many countries. AD is a complex disease with host and environmental factors underlying its pathology. Its treatment is multidimensional reflecting the diverse nature of its triggers and includes emollients, topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors among others. Immunological dysfunction can be […]
4 November 2019 / 25 June 2025 by almaware
Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is the most frequent cause of anaphylaxis in Europe, accounting for most of the severe reactions occurring in adults, and being the second cause of anaphylaxis in children. Prevention of further episodes in patients who developed a systemic reaction (SR) is based on the correct management of the allergic emergency, the […]