Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: diagnostic approach and genetic study in a Brazilian case series
M. I. Perelló mariaiplf@gmail.com1, A. de Maria Castro1, A. C. Nogueira Arraes1,
S. Conte1, D. Lacerda Pedrazzi1, G. A. Coelho Dias1,
L. Morette Hanhoerster2, L. C. Porto2, F. Chigres Kuschnir1, E. Costa1Show more: Authors information and Publication history1Allergy and Immunology Service, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
HistoryPublished: 15 March 2021
Accepted: 29 January 2021
Received: 07 November 2020
Doi10.23822/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.193
Summary
Background. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are potentially fatal reactions. Genetic predisposition is involved in their pathogenesis related to drugs and ethnicities, however in a mixed population these relationships are still unknown. The aim of this study was to describe phenotypes, suspect drugs and HLA-alleles related to SCAR, identified by a systematized approach in a Brazilian case series.
Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with SCAR between March 2011 and July 2019 at our university hospital were included. European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) questionnaire was used to collect clinical and laboratory data and algorithms for assessment of drug causality were applied. Socio-demographic variables included age, gender and skin color/ethnicity. Drug patch tests (DPT) and HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 typing were carried out.
Results. Atotal of 74 patients were included: 36 (48.64%) with SJS/TEN, 32 (43.24%) DRESS/DIHS, 3 (4.05%) AGEP, 2 (2.70%) overlap (DRESS/SJS and DRESS/AGEP) and 1 (1.35%) GBFDE. The median age was 31.5 years (IQR = 14-52.25), most were female (n = 44/59.46%) and brown (n = 38/51.35%). Anticonvulsants (n = 32/43.24%) were the largest group involved and antibiotics (n = 26/35.13%) were the second most common. Two patients with DRESS died during the acute phase. Positive DPT were shown only in anticonvulsant associated DRESS. HLA related to abacavir, allopurinol and carbamazepinewere identified.
Conclusions. A systematized approach allowed the phenotypic characterization of SCAR. The HLA-A*31:01, B*57:01 and B*58:01 alleles were identified, reinforcing the causality in SCAR by CBZ, ABC and ALLO in the Brazilian population
Key wordsDrug allergy; genetics; immunologic tests;pharmacology; pharmacogenomics.
Cite this article as:Perelló MI, de Maria Castro A, Nogueira Arraes AC, Conte S, Lacerda Pedrazzi D, Andrade Coelho Dias G, Morette Hanhoerster L, Porto LC, Chigres Kuschnir F, Costa E. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: diagnostic approach and genetic study in a Brazilian case series. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;54(5):207-217. doi: 10.23822/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.193.
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